name: "Nameref variables"
cases:
  - name: "Nameref basic read"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello world"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref write through reference"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="original"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "before: $target"
      ref="modified"
      echo "after: $target"
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref append with +="
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello"
      declare -n ref=target
      ref+=" world"
      echo "target: $target"
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref to unset variable"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=nonexistent
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      echo "ref set: '${ref+SET}'"
      ref="now exists"
      echo "ref: $ref"
      echo "nonexistent: $nonexistent"

  - name: "Nameref reassignment - change target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      var1="first"
      var2="second"
      declare -n ref=var1
      echo "ref -> var1: $ref"
      ref=var2
      echo "var1 after: $var1"
      # To change what a nameref points to, use declare -n again
      declare -n ref=var2
      echo "ref -> var2: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref chained (A -> B -> C)"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      ultimate="final_value"
      declare -n middle=ultimate
      declare -n top=middle
      echo "top: $top"
      echo "middle: $middle"
      top="changed"
      echo "ultimate: $ultimate"

  - name: "Nameref circular reference"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n a=b
      declare -n b=a
      echo "a: '${a}'"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref self-reference"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n self=self
      echo "self: '${self}'"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref in function - pass by reference"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      modify_var() {
          local -n ref=$1
          ref="modified by function"
      }

      myvar="original"
      echo "before: $myvar"
      modify_var myvar
      echo "after: $myvar"

  - name: "Nameref in function scope - local nameref to outer var"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      outer="outer_value"
      inner_func() {
          local -n ref=outer
          echo "inside func: $ref"
          ref="modified_by_func"
      }
      echo "before: $outer"
      inner_func
      echo "after: $outer"

  - name: "Nameref in function - multiple namerefs (swap)"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      swap() {
          local -n x=$1
          local -n y=$2
          local tmp="$x"
          x="$y"
          y="$tmp"
      }
      a="alpha"
      b="beta"
      echo "before: a=$a b=$b"
      swap a b
      echo "after: a=$a b=$b"

  - name: "Nameref with export"
    stdin: |
      target="exported_val"
      declare -n ref=target
      export ref
      declare -p target | grep -o 'x' | head -1 || echo "no export flag"

  - name: "Nameref unset through ref removes target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "before: target=$target ref=$ref"
      unset ref
      echo "after: target='${target}' ref='${ref}'"
      # ref still exists as a nameref, but target is gone
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null && echo "ref still declared"
      declare -p target 2>/dev/null || echo "target is gone"

  - name: "Nameref unset target directly"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="exists"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      unset target
      echo "ref after unset: '${ref}'"

  - name: "Nameref array append with +="
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=(a b)
      declare -n ref=target
      ref+=(c d)
      echo "target: ${target[@]}"
      echo "count: ${#target[@]}"
      declare -p target

  - name: "Nameref array element unset"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=(a b c d)
      declare -n ref=target
      unset 'ref[2]'
      declare -p target

  - name: "Nameref array slicing"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=(a b c d e)
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "slice: ${ref[@]:1:2}"
      echo "all: ${ref[@]}"
      echo "count: ${#ref[@]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(zero one two three)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "ref: $ref"
      ref="changed"
      echo "arr[2]: ${arr[2]}"

  - name: "Nameref in subshell"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="original"
      declare -n ref=target
      (ref="subshell_value"; echo "inside: $target")
      echo "outside: $target"

  - name: "Nameref in command substitution"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="original"
      declare -n ref=target
      result=$(ref="cmd_sub_value"; echo "$target")
      echo "result: $result"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref with integer attribute"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=0
      declare -ni ref=target
      ref="hello"
      echo "target: $target"
      ref=42
      echo "target: $target"
      declare -p ref
      declare -p target

  - name: "Nameref with set -u and unset target"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      declare -n ref=unset_target
      echo "$ref"
      echo "should not print"

  - name: "Nameref to empty string target name"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=""
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      ref="value" 2>/dev/null
      echo "done"

  - name: "Multiple namerefs to same target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="initial"
      declare -n ref1=target
      declare -n ref2=target
      ref1="from_ref1"
      echo "ref2: $ref2"
      echo "target: $target"
      ref2="from_ref2"
      echo "ref1: $ref1"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Circular reference in assignment context"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n a=b
      declare -n b=a
      a="value" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref with prefix enumeration"
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref_one=target1
      declare -n ref_two=target2
      regular_ref_var="not a nameref"
      echo "prefix: ${!ref_@}"

  - name: "Nameref with local in nested functions"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      outer() {
          local myval="outer_value"
          inner
          echo "after inner: $myval"
      }
      inner() {
          local -n ref=myval
          echo "ref sees: $ref"
          ref="modified_by_inner"
      }
      outer

  - name: "Nameref for-in loop changes target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      var1="a"
      var2="b"
      var3="c"
      declare -n ref
      for ref in var1 var2 var3; do
          echo "ref=$ref"
      done
      echo "var1=$var1 var2=$var2 var3=$var3"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - arithmetic increment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(10 20 30 40)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "before: $ref"
      (( ref++ ))
      echo "after: $ref"
      echo "arr[2]: ${arr[2]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - arithmetic compound assign"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(100 200 300)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "before: $ref"
      (( ref += 50 ))
      echo "after: $ref"
      echo "arr[1]: ${arr[1]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - arithmetic expression"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(100 200 300)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      (( ref = ref * 2 ))
      echo "arr[2]: ${arr[2]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - string append"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(hello world)
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      ref+=" there"
      echo "arr[0]: ${arr[0]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - length"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("short" "a longer string here" "x")
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "len: ${#ref}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - parameter transformations"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("hello world" "foo")
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      echo "upper: ${ref^^}"
      echo "Q: ${ref@Q}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - substring"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("abcdefgh" "xyz")
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      echo "sub: ${ref:1:3}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - pattern substitution"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("hello world hello" "x")
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      echo "first: ${ref/hello/bye}"
      echo "all: ${ref//hello/bye}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - default value"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("" "val")
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      echo "default: ${ref:-fallback}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - negative index"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c d e)
      declare -n ref='arr[-1]'
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref to associative array element"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([foo]=bar [baz]=qux)
      declare -n ref='map[foo]'
      echo "ref: $ref"
      ref="changed"
      echo "map_foo: ${map[foo]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - unset through ref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c d)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      unset ref
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref chain 4 levels"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      final="deep"
      declare -n c=final
      declare -n b=c
      declare -n a=b
      echo "a: $a"
      a="changed"
      echo "final: $final"

  - name: "Nameref 3-level chain to array element"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(A B C)
      declare -n mid='arr[1]'
      declare -n top=mid
      echo "top: $top"
      top="CHANGED"
      echo "arr[1]: ${arr[1]}"

  - name: "Nameref to associative array - keys and values"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([x]=1 [y]=2)
      declare -n ref=map
      echo "x: ${ref[x]}"
      ref[z]=3
      echo "z: ${map[z]}"
      for k in "${!ref[@]}"; do echo "key=$k"; done | sort

  - name: "Nameref - declare -p shows nameref attribute"
    stdin: |
      target="hello"
      declare -n ref=target
      declare -p ref
      declare -p target

  - name: "Nameref - test -v follows nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=nonesuch
      [[ -v ref ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"
      nonesuch="now"
      [[ -v ref ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"

  - name: "Nameref to array - length and keys"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c d e)
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "len: ${#ref[@]}"
      echo "keys: ${!ref[@]}"
      echo "elem0len: ${#ref}"

  - name: "Nameref with printf -v"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=formatted
      printf -v ref "num=%d" 42
      echo "formatted: $formatted"

  - name: "Nameref - declare +n removes attribute"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "before: $ref"
      declare +n ref
      echo "after: $ref"
      declare -p ref

  - name: "Nameref to IFS"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=IFS
      saved="$IFS"
      ref=":"
      echo "ifs: '$IFS'"
      IFS="$saved"

  - name: "Nameref to array - whole array assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=myarr
      ref=(x y z)
      declare -p myarr

  - name: "Nameref local -n recursive function"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      count_down() {
          local v=$1
          if (( v <= 0 )); then return; fi
          local -n o=result
          o+="$v "
          count_down $((v - 1))
      }
      result=""
      count_down 3
      echo "result: $result"

  - name: "Nameref to array - negative index access"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c d e)
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "last: ${ref[-1]}"

  - name: "Nameref in eval"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="eval_val"
      declare -n ref=target
      eval 'echo "eval: $ref"'

  - name: "Nameref in here-string"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="here_data"
      declare -n ref=target
      cat <<< "$ref"

  - name: "Nameref in extended test operators"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="abc"
      declare -n ref=target
      [[ $ref == abc ]] && echo "eq ok"
      [[ $ref =~ ^a.c$ ]] && echo "regex ok"
      [[ $ref < bcd ]] && echo "lt ok"

  - name: "Nameref to sparse array"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -a arr
      arr[5]=five
      arr[10]=ten
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "keys: ${!ref[@]}"
      echo "len: ${#ref[@]}"
      echo "elem5: ${ref[5]}"

  - name: "Nameref concurrent writes through two refs"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="init"
      declare -n r1=target
      declare -n r2=target
      r1+="_one"
      r2+="_two"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - ternary in arithmetic"
    stdin: |
      arr=(0 1 0)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "ternary: $(( ref ? 100 : 200 ))"

  - name: "Nameref chain to assoc array element"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([k]=v)
      declare -n mid='map[k]'
      declare -n top=mid
      echo "top: $top"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - set test"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "set: ${ref+SET}"
      unset 'arr[1]'
      echo "unset: ${ref+SET}"

  - name: "Nameref local -n overrides outer nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a="A"
      b="B"
      declare -n ref=a
      f() {
          local -n ref=b
          echo "inner: $ref"
      }
      f
      echo "outer: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref target lowercase transform"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -l target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      ref="HELLO"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref export -n unexports target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      export target="val"
      declare -n ref=target
      export -n ref
      env | grep "^target=" | head -1 || echo "not exported"

  - name: "Nameref to array - push via index"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b)
      declare -n ref=arr
      ref[${#ref[@]}]="c"
      echo "arr: ${ref[@]}"
      echo "len: ${#ref[@]}"

  - name: "Nameref with readonly target - write fails"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      target="immutable"
      declare -n ref=target
      readonly ref
      ref="attempt" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref - declare -a through nameref applies to target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=myarr
      declare -a ref
      ref=(1 2 3)
      declare -p myarr 2>/dev/null || echo "not found"

  - name: "Nameref - declare -A through nameref applies to target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=mymap
      declare -A ref
      ref=([a]=1 [b]=2)
      echo "a: ${mymap[a]}"
      echo "b: ${mymap[b]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - test -v treats resolved name literally"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      # In bash, [[ -v ref ]] where ref→arr[2] looks for a variable literally
      # named "arr[2]", not array element arr at index 2. So it's always unset.
      arr=(a b c d)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "ref expands to: $ref"
      [[ -v ref ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"
      unset 'arr[2]'
      [[ -v ref ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - test -v with nonexistent index"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[5]'
      [[ -v ref ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"

  - name: "Nameref to arr[@] expands all elements"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(x y z)
      declare -n ref='arr[@]'
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref circular with 3 nodes"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n c1=c2
      declare -n c2=c3
      declare -n c3=c1
      echo "c1: '${c1}'"
      echo "exit: $?"

  - name: "Nameref in case pattern"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello"
      declare -n ref=target
      case $ref in
        hello) echo "matched hello" ;;
        *) echo "no match" ;;
      esac

  - name: "Nameref local shadowing in nested functions"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a="A"
      b="B"
      f() {
          local -n ref=a
          g
          echo "f ref: $ref"
      }
      g() {
          local -n ref=b
          echo "g ref: $ref"
          ref="modified_B"
      }
      f
      echo "a=$a b=$b"

  - name: "Nameref to special variable RANDOM"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=RANDOM
      r1=$ref
      r2=$ref
      [[ "$r1" != "$r2" ]] && echo "different (dynamic)" || echo "same"

  - name: "Nameref for-in loop retargets through iteration"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      var1="A"
      var2="B"
      var3="C"
      declare -n ref
      for ref in var1 var2 var3; do
          echo "ref=$ref"
      done
      echo "var1=$var1 var2=$var2 var3=$var3"

  #
  # Additional edge cases: bare declare -n, invalid targets
  #

  - name: "Nameref declared without value - bare declare -n"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null
      ref="value"
      echo "ref after assign: '${ref}'"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null

  - name: "Nameref declared without value - expansion behavior"
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref
      echo "set: ${ref+SET}"
      echo "default: ${ref:-fallback}"
      echo "length: ${#ref}"

  - name: "Nameref to numeric-only target name"
    known_failure: true

    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=123
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref to name with special characters"
    known_failure: true

    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref="a-b"
      echo "exit1: $?"
      declare -n ref2="a.b"
      echo "exit2: $?"
      declare -n ref3="a+b"
      echo "exit3: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref to name with spaces"
    known_failure: true

    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref="a b"
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref to positional parameter name"
    known_failure: true

    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=1
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref to @ or *"
    known_failure: true

    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref1="@"
      echo "exit1: $?"
      declare -n ref2="*"
      echo "exit2: $?"
      echo "done"

  #
  # Assignment semantics clarity
  #

  - name: "Nameref assignment writes to target not retargets"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      var1="first"
      var2="second"
      declare -n ref=var1
      ref=var2
      echo "var1: $var1"
      echo "ref: $ref"
      declare -p ref
      declare -p var1

  #
  # unset -n edge cases
  #

  - name: "Unset -n on non-nameref variable"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      var="value"
      unset -n var
      echo "var: '${var}'"
      declare -p var 2>/dev/null || echo "var is gone"

  - name: "Unset vs unset -n on same nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "before: target=$target ref=$ref"
      unset ref
      echo "after unset ref: target='${target}' ref='${ref}'"
      target="restored"
      echo "target restored: ref=$ref"

  - name: "Unset -n then recreate nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "before: $ref"
      unset -n ref
      echo "after unset -n:"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null || echo "ref gone"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "recreated: $ref"

  - name: "Unset nameref where target is already unset"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=nonexistent
      unset ref
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null && echo "ref still exists" || echo "ref gone"

  - name: "Unset -n nameref where target is already unset"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=nonexistent
      unset -n ref
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null || echo "ref gone"

  - name: "Unset -v on nameref removes target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      unset -v ref
      echo "target: '${target}'"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null && echo "ref exists"
      declare -p target 2>/dev/null || echo "target gone"

  - name: "Unset nameref in function scope"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="global"
      f() {
          local -n ref=target
          unset ref
          echo "inside f: target='${target}'"
      }
      f
      echo "outside: target='${target}'"

  #
  # declare flag combinations with -n
  #

  - name: "Nameref with uppercase attribute -u"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -u target
      declare -n ref=target
      ref="hello world"
      echo "target: $target"
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref combined -nx export"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -nx ref=MYVAR
      ref="exported_value"
      echo "MYVAR: $MYVAR"
      declare -p ref
      declare -p MYVAR 2>/dev/null

  - name: "Nameref combined -na conflict"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -na ref=target
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null

  - name: "Nameref combined -nA conflict"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -nA ref=target
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null

  - name: "Declare -rn readonly nameref"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      target="val"
      declare -rn ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      declare -n ref=other 2>/dev/null
      echo "retarget exit: $?"
      unset -n ref 2>/dev/null
      echo "unset -n exit: $?"
      declare -p ref

  #
  # Readonly deeper edge cases
  #

  - name: "Readonly nameref - cannot unset -n"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=target
      readonly ref
      unset -n ref 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p ref

  - name: "Make target readonly through nameref"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      readonly ref
      declare -p target
      target="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "target write exit: $?"

  #
  # Export deeper edge cases
  #

  - name: "Export through nameref - child sees it"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=MY_EXPORT
      ref="exported_value"
      export ref
      bash -c 'echo "child: $MY_EXPORT"'

  - name: "Unexport through nameref with declare +x"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      export target="was_exported"
      declare -n ref=target
      declare +x ref
      env | grep "^target=" || echo "not exported"
      echo "target: $target"

  #
  # Parameter expansion - missing operators
  #

  - name: "Nameref with := assign default creates target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=brand_new
      echo "before: '${brand_new}'"
      echo "assign: ${ref:=created}"
      echo "after: $brand_new"
      declare -p brand_new

  - name: "Nameref with :? error on unset"
    known_failure: true  # error prefix differs: brush prints "error:" vs bash prints "bash: line N:"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=missing
      ( echo "${ref:?variable is required}" ) 2>&1 | tail -1
      echo "outer continues"

  - name: "Nameref with @E escape"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target='hello\tworld\n'
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "E: ${ref@E}"

  - name: "Nameref substring with negatives"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="abcdefghij"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "offset 3: ${ref:3}"
      echo "offset 3 len 4: ${ref:3:4}"
      echo "negative offset: ${ref: -3}"
      echo "negative offset len: ${ref: -3:2}"

  - name: "Nameref with case modification operators"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello world"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "^: ${ref^}"
      echo "^^: ${ref^^}"
      echo ",: ${ref,}"
      echo ",,: ${ref,,}"

  - name: "Nameref with pattern removal prefix and suffix anchors"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="hello hello hello"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "prefix: ${ref/#hello/bye}"
      echo "suffix: ${ref/%hello/bye}"

  #
  # Indirection ${!ref} interaction
  #

  - name: "Nameref indirection on chain"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      ultimate="deep_value"
      declare -n middle=ultimate
      declare -n top=middle
      echo "!top: ${!top}"
      echo "!middle: ${!middle}"
      echo "top: $top"

  - name: "Nameref indirection - ${!ref} on non-nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      ref=target
      echo "!ref (not nameref): ${!ref}"
      declare -n nref=target
      echo "!nref (nameref): ${!nref}"

  - name: "Nameref indirection with array nameref keys"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "!ref[@]: ${!ref[@]}"

  - name: "Nameref indirection on nameref to array element"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(x y z)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "!ref: ${!ref}"

  #
  # Arithmetic deeper
  #

  - name: "Nameref in (( )) comparison"
    stdin: |
      target=42
      declare -n ref=target
      (( ref == 42 )) && echo "equal"
      (( ref > 10 )) && echo "greater"
      (( ref < 100 )) && echo "less"

  - name: "Nameref in $((ref)) expression"
    stdin: |
      target=7
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "expr: $(( ref + 3 ))"
      echo "expr2: $(( ref * ref ))"

  - name: "Nameref array element in arithmetic for loop"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(0)
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      for (( ref=1; ref<=5; ref++ )); do
          echo "ref=$ref arr[0]=${arr[0]}"
      done

  - name: "Nameref in arithmetic assignment chain"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a=0
      b=0
      declare -n refa=a
      declare -n refb=b
      (( refa = refb = 42 ))
      echo "a=$a b=$b"

  #
  # Execution contexts
  #

  - name: "Nameref in pipe components"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="pipe_test"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "$ref" | cat
      echo "$ref" | { read line; echo "pipe read: $line"; }

  - name: "Nameref in trap handler"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="before_trap"
      declare -n ref=target
      trap 'echo "trap: ref=$ref target=$target"' EXIT
      ref="after_trap"

  - name: "Nameref in brace group"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="brace"
      declare -n ref=target
      { ref="modified"; echo "inside: $target"; }
      echo "outside: $target"

  - name: "Nameref in while loop"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=0
      declare -n ref=target
      while (( ref < 3 )); do
          echo "loop: ref=$ref"
          (( ref++ ))
      done
      echo "final target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref in until loop"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=3
      declare -n ref=target
      until (( ref <= 0 )); do
          echo "until: ref=$ref"
          (( ref-- ))
      done
      echo "final target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref in here-doc"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="heredoc_value"
      declare -n ref=target
      cat <<EOF
      ref is: $ref
      target is: $target
      EOF

  - name: "Nameref in condition of if statement"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=5
      declare -n ref=target
      if (( ref > 3 )); then
          echo "greater"
      fi
      if [[ "$ref" == "5" ]]; then
          echo "string match"
      fi

  - name: "Nameref in background job"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="bg_test"
      declare -n ref=target
      { echo "bg ref: $ref"; } &
      wait
      echo "main target: $target"

  #
  # Function scope deeper
  #

  - name: "Nameref in function - target name same as local in caller"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      f() {
          local val="inner"
          g val
          echo "after g: val=$val"
      }
      g() {
          local -n ref=$1
          ref="modified"
      }
      f

  - name: "Nameref scope - same name different targets in nested calls"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a="A"
      b="B"
      outer() {
          local -n ref=a
          echo "outer before: $ref"
          inner
          echo "outer after: $ref"
      }
      inner() {
          local -n ref=b
          echo "inner: $ref"
          ref="B_modified"
      }
      outer
      echo "a=$a b=$b"

  - name: "Nameref in function - ref to caller local"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      wrapper() {
          local secret="hidden"
          revealer secret
          echo "after: secret=$secret"
      }
      revealer() {
          local -n ref=$1
          echo "revealed: $ref"
          ref="exposed"
      }
      wrapper

  - name: "Nameref in function - local var shadows nameref target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="global_target"
      f() {
          local target="local_target"
          local -n ref=target
          echo "ref: $ref"
          ref="modified"
          echo "local target: $target"
      }
      f
      echo "global target: $target"

  - name: "Nameref - return value pattern via nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      compute() {
          local -n _result=$1
          _result=$(( 6 * 7 ))
      }
      answer=0
      compute answer
      echo "answer: $answer"

  - name: "Nameref - multiple out params via namerefs"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      divide() {
          local -n _quotient=$1
          local -n _remainder=$2
          _quotient=$(( $3 / $4 ))
          _remainder=$(( $3 % $4 ))
      }
      q=0
      r=0
      divide q r 17 5
      echo "17/5 = $q remainder $r"

  - name: "Nameref with declare -g in function"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      f() {
          declare -gn ref=global_target
          ref="from_function"
      }
      f
      echo "global_target: $global_target"
      declare -p ref 2>/dev/null && echo "ref exists globally"

  - name: "Nameref global pointing to local"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n gref=local_var
      f() {
          local local_var="local_value"
          echo "gref in f: $gref"
      }
      f
      echo "gref outside: '${gref}'"

  #
  # Circular/chain deeper
  #

  - name: "Circular nameref - 4 node cycle"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n a=b
      declare -n b=c
      declare -n c=d
      declare -n d=a
      echo "a: '${a}'"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Chain where intermediate target is unset"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n top=middle
      declare -n middle=bottom
      bottom="value"
      echo "top: $top"
      unset -n middle
      echo "top after: '${top}'"

  - name: "Nameref chain - declare -p at each level"
    stdin: |
      val="hello"
      declare -n b=val
      declare -n a=b
      declare -p a
      declare -p b
      declare -p val

  - name: "Nameref self-reference - write attempt"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n self=self
      self="value" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Nameref self-reference - declare -p"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n self=self
      declare -p self

  - name: "Circular nameref - write attempt"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n x=y
      declare -n y=x
      x="value" 2>/dev/null
      echo "write exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  #
  # Special variables
  #

  - name: "Nameref to SECONDS"
    stdin: |
      SECONDS=0
      declare -n ref=SECONDS
      echo "type check: $(( ref >= 0 ? 1 : 0 ))"

  - name: "Nameref to FUNCNAME in function"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      f() {
          local -n ref=FUNCNAME
          echo "funcname[0]: ${ref[0]}"
      }
      f

  - name: "Nameref to BASH_REMATCH"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      [[ "hello123world" =~ ([0-9]+) ]]
      declare -n ref=BASH_REMATCH
      echo "match: ${ref[0]}"
      echo "group1: ${ref[1]}"

  - name: "Nameref to REPLY"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=REPLY
      read ref <<< "input_data"
      echo "REPLY: $REPLY"

  - name: "Nameref to OPTIND"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      OPTIND=1
      declare -n ref=OPTIND
      echo "optind: $ref"
      ref=5
      echo "OPTIND: $OPTIND"

  #
  # Extended test edge cases
  #

  - name: "Nameref -v with nameref chain"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      val="exists"
      declare -n mid=val
      declare -n top=mid
      [[ -v top ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"
      unset val
      [[ -v top ]] && echo "set" || echo "unset"

  - name: "Nameref -R on regular variable"
    stdin: |
      regular="value"
      [[ -R regular ]] && echo "is nameref" || echo "not nameref"

  - name: "Nameref -R on unset variable"
    stdin: |
      [[ -R nonexistent ]] && echo "is nameref" || echo "not nameref"

  - name: "Nameref in test -z / -n"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      [[ -z "$ref" ]] && echo "empty: yes"
      [[ -n "$ref" ]] && echo "nonempty: yes" || echo "nonempty: no"
      target="data"
      [[ -z "$ref" ]] && echo "empty: yes" || echo "empty: no"
      [[ -n "$ref" ]] && echo "nonempty: yes"

  #
  # Compound assignment through nameref
  #

  - name: "Nameref compound array assignment to nonexistent"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=newarray
      ref=(alpha beta gamma)
      declare -p newarray

  - name: "Nameref compound assignment replaces"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=(old1 old2 old3)
      declare -n ref=target
      ref=(new1 new2)
      declare -p target

  - name: "Nameref += integer append on integer var"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i target=10
      declare -n ref=target
      ref+=5
      echo "target: $target"
      ref+=3
      echo "target: $target"

  #
  # Array operations deeper
  #

  - name: "Nameref to array - copy array"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      src=(1 2 3)
      declare -n ref=src
      dst=("${ref[@]}")
      declare -p dst

  - name: "Nameref to array - declare -p shows array type"
    stdin: |
      declare -a arr=(x y z)
      declare -n ref=arr
      declare -p ref
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref to assoc array - declare -p shows assoc type"
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([a]=1)
      declare -n ref=map
      declare -p ref
      declare -p map

  - name: "Nameref to array - string operations on element 0"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("hello world" "foo")
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "upper: ${ref^^}"
      echo "length: ${#ref}"
      echo "sub: ${ref:0:5}"

  - name: "Nameref to array - append to specific index"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref=arr
      ref[1]+="X"
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref to associative array - delete key"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([x]=1 [y]=2 [z]=3)
      declare -n ref=map
      unset 'ref[y]'
      for k in "${!ref[@]}"; do echo "$k=${ref[$k]}"; done | sort

  - name: "Nameref to associative array - key existence"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([x]=1 [y]="")
      declare -n ref=map
      echo "x set: ${ref[x]+yes}"
      echo "y set: ${ref[y]+yes}"
      echo "z set: ${ref[z]+yes}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - computed index"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(10 20 30 40 50)
      i=3
      declare -n ref="arr[$i]"
      echo "ref: $ref"
      ref=99
      echo "arr[3]: ${arr[3]}"

  - name: "Nameref to array element - out of bounds"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[10]'
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      ref="new"
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref to assoc array - missing key then assign"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map=([x]=1)
      declare -n ref='map[missing]'
      echo "ref: '${ref}'"
      ref="new"
      echo "map[missing]: ${map[missing]}"

  - name: "Nameref to arr[@] - write attempt"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[@]'
      ref="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref to arr[*] expansion"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[*]'
      echo "ref: $ref"

  #
  # Variable attributes through ref
  #

  - name: "Declare -i through nameref adds integer to target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=myvar
      declare -i ref
      ref="hello"
      echo "myvar: $myvar"
      ref=42
      echo "myvar: $myvar"
      declare -p myvar

  - name: "Declare -u through nameref adds uppercase to target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=myvar
      declare -u ref
      ref="hello"
      echo "myvar: $myvar"
      declare -p myvar

  - name: "Declare -x through nameref exports target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref=target
      declare -x ref
      declare -p target

  #
  # Typeset compatibility
  #

  - name: "Typeset -n creates nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="typeset_val"
      typeset -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      declare -p ref

  - name: "Typeset +n removes nameref attribute"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      typeset -n ref=target
      echo "before: $ref"
      typeset +n ref
      echo "after: $ref"
      declare -p ref

  #
  # For-in loop retarget + mutation
  #

  - name: "For loop nameref - modify each target"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a=1
      b=2
      c=3
      declare -n ref
      for ref in a b c; do
          ref=$(( ref * 10 ))
      done
      echo "a=$a b=$b c=$c"

  #
  # Empty/whitespace values
  #

  - name: "Nameref to variable with empty string value"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: '$ref'"
      echo "set: ${ref+SET}"
      echo "default: ${ref:-DEFAULT}"
      echo "nocolon default: ${ref-NOCOLON}"

  - name: "Nameref to variable with newline value"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=$'line1\nline2'
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      echo "---"
      echo "$ref" | wc -l

  #
  # set -u edge cases
  #

  - name: "Nameref to set empty var with set -u"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: '$ref'"
      echo "survived"

  - name: "Nameref with set -u and default expansion"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      declare -n ref=missing
      echo "default: ${ref:-safe}"
      echo "survived"

  - name: "Nameref with set -u - ${ref+x} does not error"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      declare -n ref=missing
      echo "set test: ${ref+SET}"
      echo "survived"

  #
  # Miscellaneous edge cases
  #

  - name: "Nameref multiple declare -n retargets"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      a="A"
      b="B"
      declare -n ref=a
      echo "first: $ref"
      declare -n ref=b
      echo "second: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref in array subscript context"
    stdin: |
      idx=2
      declare -n ref=idx
      arr=(a b c d e)
      echo "arr[ref]: ${arr[$ref]}"

  - name: "Two namerefs to same target - unset via one access via other"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -n ref1=target
      declare -n ref2=target
      unset ref1
      echo "ref2: '${ref2}'"
      echo "target: '${target}'"

  - name: "Nameref with word splitting"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="one two three"
      declare -n ref=target
      for word in $ref; do echo "word: $word"; done
      echo "---"
      for word in "$ref"; do echo "word: $word"; done

  - name: "Nameref to _ (underscore variable)"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      _="test_value"
      declare -n ref=_
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref preserves target type across reassignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -a arr=(x y)
      declare -n ref=arr
      ref=(a b c)
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref with command in value is literal"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target='$(echo injected)'
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref target created by assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=brand_new_var
      ref="created"
      echo "brand_new_var: $brand_new_var"
      declare -p brand_new_var

  - name: "Nameref array index assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -a arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref=arr
      ref[0]="X"
      ref[2]="Z"
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Nameref assoc array assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -A map
      declare -n ref=map
      ref[key1]="val1"
      ref[key2]="val2"
      for k in "${!map[@]}"; do echo "$k=${map[$k]}"; done | sort

  - name: "Nameref in source command"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      tmp=$(mktemp)
      echo 'declare -n ref=target; ref="from_source"' > "$tmp"
      target="original"
      source "$tmp"
      echo "target: $target"
      rm "$tmp"

  - name: "Nameref to integer variable - arithmetic coercion"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i num=10
      declare -n ref=num
      ref=20+5
      echo "num: $num"
      ref="3*4"
      echo "num after expr: $num"

  - name: "Nameref with declare giving value"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=target
      declare ref="value"
      echo "target: ${target}"
      declare -p target 2>/dev/null
      declare -p ref

  - name: "Read -r into nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=result
      read -r ref <<< 'hello\tworld'
      echo "result: $result"

  - name: "Nameref in process substitution"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="proc_sub"
      declare -n ref=target
      cat <(echo "$ref")

  - name: "Nameref in environment prefix assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="old"
      declare -n ref=target
      ref=new printenv target 2>/dev/null || echo "ref=new as prefix"
      echo "target after: $target"

  - name: "Local non-nameref shadows outer nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      f() {
          local -n ref=target
          g
          echo "f ref: $ref"
      }
      g() {
          local ref="plain"
          echo "g ref: $ref"
      }
      target="T"
      f
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Local -n referencing same-scope local"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      f() {
          local target="local_val"
          local -n ref=target
          echo "ref: $ref"
          ref="changed"
          echo "target: $target"
      }
      f

  - name: "Nameref with array slice reassignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(1 2 3)
      declare -n ref=arr
      echo "before: ${ref[@]}"
      ref=("${ref[@]:1}")
      echo "after: ${ref[@]}"

  - name: "Declare -p -n lists only namerefs"
    stdin: |
      declare -n r1=a
      declare -n r2=b
      regular="not_ref"
      declare -p -n 2>/dev/null | sort

  #
  # Integer attribute arithmetic evaluation on assignment
  # (Not nameref-specific but exercises same code path)
  #

  - name: "Integer variable evaluates arithmetic on assignment"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i x
      x=20+5
      echo "x: $x"
      x="3*4"
      echo "x: $x"
      x="10/3"
      echo "x: $x"
      x="y=7, y+3"
      echo "x: $x"

  - name: "Integer variable with variable references in expression"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i x
      y=10
      x=y+5
      echo "x: $x"
      x="y*2"
      echo "x: $x"

  - name: "Integer variable += with arithmetic"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i x=10
      x+=5
      echo "x: $x"
      x+=3*2
      echo "x: $x"

  - name: "Integer variable through nameref evaluates arithmetic"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -i num=10
      declare -n ref=num
      ref=20+5
      echo "num: $num"
      ref="3*4"
      echo "num: $num"
      ref+=10
      echo "num: $num"

  #
  # :? error format (non-nameref cases too)
  #

  - name: "Expansion :? error with regular variable"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      unset missing
      ( echo "${missing:?custom error}" ) 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"

  - name: "Expansion :? with no message"
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      unset missing
      ( echo "${missing:?}" ) 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"

  #
  # Self-reference edge cases beyond basic declaration
  #

  - name: "Nameref retarget to self after creation is rejected"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      target="val"
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "ref: $ref"
      declare -n ref=ref
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "ref: $ref"
      declare -p ref

  - name: "Circular via retarget"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n a=b
      declare -n b=c
      c="value"
      echo "a: $a"
      # Now make it circular
      declare -n c=a
      echo "a after: '${a}'"
      echo "done"

  #
  # Additional edge cases from review
  #

  - name: "Self-reference by adding -n to existing var"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      x=x
      declare -n x
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p x
      echo "val: '${x}'"

  - name: "Array assignment through nameref-to-subscript errors"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(1 2 3)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      ref=(a b c) 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p arr

  - name: "Integer array element via nameref with +="
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -ia arr=(10 20 30)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      ref+=5
      echo "arr[1]: ${arr[1]}"

  - name: "Nameref in select loop"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      echo "2" | {
        select ref in apple banana cherry; do
            echo "target=$target ref=$ref"
            break
        done
      }

  - name: "Nameref to LINENO"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=LINENO
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Nameref to BASH_SOURCE"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=BASH_SOURCE
      echo "ref0: '${ref[0]}'"

  - name: "Compound array append through subscripted nameref errors"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      ref+=(x y z) 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "arr: ${arr[@]}"

  - name: "Readonly propagates through 2-level nameref chain"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      target="original"
      declare -n middle=target
      declare -n top=middle
      readonly top
      declare -p target
      top="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      middle="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      target="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Export -n (remove export) through nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target="exported_value"
      export target
      declare -n ref=target
      env | grep '^target=' | head -1
      export -n ref
      env | grep '^target=' || echo "target no longer exported"

  - name: "Declare -n with invalid target name containing spaces"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref='a b' 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -n ref2='hello world' 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Declare -n with invalid target name special chars"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref='a+b' 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -n ref2='a.b' 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Env var lookup through subscripted nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(zero one two three)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "ref: $ref"
      echo "ref length: ${#ref}"

  - name: "Subscripted nameref with [@] returns empty"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(zero one two three)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "ref[@]: ${ref[@]}"
      echo "count: ${#ref[@]}"

  - name: "Subscripted nameref with explicit subscript returns empty"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(zero one two three)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "ref[0]: '${ref[0]}'"
      echo "ref[1]: '${ref[1]}'"

  - name: "Subscripted nameref - member keys returns empty"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(zero one two three)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      echo "keys: '${!ref[@]}'"

  - name: "Let assignment through subscripted nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(10 20 30)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      let ref=42
      echo "arr[1]: ${arr[1]}"
      let ref+=8
      echo "arr[1]: ${arr[1]}"

  - name: "Arithmetic (( )) with subscripted nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(100 200 300)
      declare -n ref='arr[0]'
      (( ref += 50 ))
      echo "arr[0]: ${arr[0]}"
      echo "expr: $(( ref * 2 ))"

  - name: "String length through subscripted nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=("short" "a longer string here" "x")
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "len: ${#ref}"

  - name: "Long nameref chain (8 levels - at bash max)"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      final_target="deep_value"
      declare -n c8=final_target
      declare -n c7=c8
      declare -n c6=c7
      declare -n c5=c6
      declare -n c4=c5
      declare -n c3=c4
      declare -n c2=c3
      declare -n c1=c2
      echo "c1: $c1"
      c1="changed"
      echo "final_target: $final_target"

  - name: "Nameref chain exceeds max depth"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      final_target="deep_value"
      declare -n c9=final_target
      declare -n c8=c9
      declare -n c7=c8
      declare -n c6=c7
      declare -n c5=c6
      declare -n c4=c5
      declare -n c3=c4
      declare -n c2=c3
      declare -n c1=c2
      echo "c1: '$c1'"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Declare -x through subscripted nameref applies to base"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[2]'
      declare -x ref 2>/dev/null
      declare -p arr 2>/dev/null | grep -c 'x' || echo "no export"

  - name: "Exported nameref passes literal value to child"
    stdin: |
      target="value"
      declare -nx myref=target
      # The nameref's literal value (the target name) is exported to child
      bash -c 'echo "myref: $myref"'
      # The target itself needs separate export
      export target
      bash -c 'echo "target: $target"'

  - name: "Subscripted nameref with set -u when element is set"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      echo "ref: $ref"

  - name: "Subscripted nameref with set -u when element is unset"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      set -u
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[5]'
      echo "$ref"
      echo "should not print"

  - name: "Nameref with := default creates target through nameref"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=new_var
      echo "before: '${new_var:-}'"
      result="${ref:=hello}"
      echo "result: $result"
      echo "new_var: $new_var"

  - name: "Nameref with := default when target exists but is empty"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      target=""
      declare -n ref=target
      result="${ref:=fallback}"
      echo "result: $result"
      echo "target: $target"

  - name: "Readonly nameref in for-in loop fails"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      declare -n ref=var1
      readonly ref
      for ref in a b c; do
          echo "should not print: $ref"
      done
      echo "exit: $?"
      echo "done"

  - name: "Circular nameref with set -e does not abort script"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      set -e
      declare -n a=b
      declare -n b=a
      echo "val: '${a}'"
      echo "script continues"

  - name: "Nameref to unset variable with set -eu errors and exits"
    known_failure: true
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      set -eu
      declare -n ref=nonexistent
      echo "$ref"
      echo "should not print"

  - name: "Export through subscripted nameref is rejected by bash"
    # In bash, `export ref` where ref→arr[1] passes the literal "arr[1]" to
    # export, which rejects it as an invalid identifier. Brush instead resolves
    # the nameref to the base variable and exports it.
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      export ref 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"
      declare -p arr | grep -o 'x' | head -1 || echo "no export"

  - name: "Readonly through subscripted nameref makes base readonly"
    # In bash, `readonly ref` where ref→arr[1] does NOT make the base array
    # readonly. Brush currently resolves the nameref to the base variable and
    # applies readonly there. The fix would be to have resolve_nameref_for_declaration
    # in declare.rs handle subscripted nameref targets specially.
    ignore_stderr: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      readonly ref
      declare -p arr
      arr[0]="new" 2>/dev/null
      echo "exit: $?"

  - name: "Declare -p on subscripted nameref shows nameref itself"
    known_failure: true
    stdin: |
      arr=(a b c)
      declare -n ref='arr[1]'
      declare -p ref
      echo "ref value: $ref"